/*
 * Histogram.hpp
 *
 *  Created on: Jul 26, 2012
 *      Author: heber
 */

#ifndef HISTOGRAM_HPP_
#define HISTOGRAM_HPP_


// include config.h
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <iosfwd>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

class HistogramTest;

/** This class generates a histogram from a given vector of sampled values.
 *
 * Most importantly, it also contains operator+=() and operator-=() to perform
 * sum on the \b histograms.
 *
 * This is to be used with the OrthogonalSummation which requires these specific
 * operator implementations.
 *
 */
class Histogram
{
  //!> grant unit test access to private parts
  friend class HistogramTest;
  //!> grant output operator access
  friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &ost, const Histogram &histogram);
public:
  //!> named type for a vector of sample values
  typedef std::vector<double> samples_t;
  //!> named type for the start of a bin
  typedef double BinLowerEnd;
  //!> named type for the count of a bin, may be fractional
  typedef double BinWeight;
  //!> named type for the pair identifying a bin by its lower end and count
  typedef std::pair< BinLowerEnd, BinWeight> Bin_t;
private:
  //!> named type for a vector of bins
  typedef std::map< BinLowerEnd, BinWeight > Bins_t;
public:
  /** Cpnstructor from a given set of sampled data.
   *
   * \param samples sampled data to construct histogram from
   */
  Histogram(const samples_t &samples);

  /** Default constructor.
   *
   */
  Histogram() :
    binwidth(0.5),
    offset(0.)
  {}

  /** Constructor for class Histogram.
   *
   * @param offset where the bins should start
   * @param binwidth width of the bins
   */
  Histogram(const BinLowerEnd _offset, const double _binwidth) :
    binwidth(_binwidth),
    offset(_offset)
  {}

  /** Constructor for class Histogram.
   *
   * @param samples samples to put in the histogram.
   * @param offset where the bins should start
   * @param binwidth width of the bins
   */
  Histogram(const samples_t &samples, const BinLowerEnd _offset, const double _binwidth);

  /** Adding another histogram onto this one.
   *
   * \note The operation is area-conserving, i.e. the new area is the sum of
   * both areas.
   *
   * @param other other histogram
   * @return ref to this instance
   */
  Histogram& operator+=(const Histogram &other);

  /** Assignment operator.
   *
   * @param other other histogram to make ourselves equal to
   * @return ref to this instance
   */
  Histogram& operator=(const Histogram &other);

  /** Subtracting another histogram from this one.
   *
   * \note The operation is area-conserving, i.e. the new area is the
   * difference of both areas.
   *
   * @param other other histogram
   * @return ref to this instance
   */
  Histogram& operator-=(const Histogram &other);

  /** States whether each bin of this histogram has count of zero.
   *
   * @return true - all bins are zero, false - else
   */
  bool isEmpty() const;

  /** Sums all found weights times the Histogram::binwidth.
   *
   * @return sum over all weights times width.
   */
  double area() const;

  /** Adds given vector of samples to the histogram.
   *
   * @param samples vector of samples to add
   */
  void addSamples(const samples_t &samples);

private:
  /** Returns the iterator to the bin representing the lower end into which the \a value fits.
   *
   * @param _value value to fit.
   * @return iterator to bin or to bins.end() if not matching
   */
  Bins_t::iterator getLowerEndBin(const double _value);

  /** Returns the iterator to the bin representing the upper end into which the \a value fits.
   *
   * @param _value value to fit.
   * @return iterator to bin or to bins.end() if not matching
   */
  Bins_t::iterator getHigherEndBin(const double _value);

  /** Returns the lower end regardless of whether such a bin exists.
   *
   * @param _value value to place into a bin
   * @return start of would-be bin to contain this \a _value
   */
  BinLowerEnd getLowerEnd(const double _value) const;

  /** Helper function that contains all the logic of how to superpose two
   * histograms.
   *
   * Is called by Histogram::operator+=() and Histogram::operator-=()
   *
   * @param other other histogram
   * @param prefactor +1. is then addition, -1. is subtraction.
   */
  void superposeOtherHistogram(const Histogram &other, const double prefactor);

  /** Helper function to add missing bins in superposition operation.
   *
   *  We add here enough bins, initialized to weight zero such that the bin
   *  of [LowerEnd, NextLowerEnd) fully fits. Does nothing if the bins are
   *  already present.
   *
   * @param LowerEnd lowerend of the other bin (to superpose)
   * @param NextLowerEnd lower end of bin (to superpose) next adjacent to other
   */
  void extendMissingBins(const BinLowerEnd LowerEnd, const BinLowerEnd NextLowerEnd);

  /** Helper function to print BinLowerEnd and BinWeight to a string for every bin.
   *
   * @return string containing information on each consecutive bin
   */
  std::string printBins() const;

  //!> pair for min and max of given samples
  typedef std::pair<samples_t::const_iterator, samples_t::const_iterator> MinMax_t;

  /** Helper function that returns minimum and maximum in given \a samples
   *
   * @param samples sampled values
   * @return pair of min and max value
   */
  MinMax_t getMinMaxFromSamples(const samples_t &samples) const;

private:
  //!> vector of bins containing the histogram
  Bins_t bins;
  //!> width of bin
  const double binwidth;
  //!> offset for the start of the bins
  const BinLowerEnd offset;
};

/** Function to print an arbitrary pair to ostream.
 *
 * @param ost output stream
 * @param elem element to print
 * @return ref to given ostream for concatenation
 */
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &ost, const Histogram::Bin_t &elem);

/** Function to print histogram to ostream.
 *
 * @param ost output stream
 * @param histogram histogram to print
 * @return ref to given ostream for concatenation
 */
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &ost, const Histogram &histogram);


#endif /* HISTOGRAM_HPP_ */